Prasasti

Perbandingan tarif Bebas XL dan PEDE Telkomsel

2008-01-17T11:50:00.000+07:00

BEBAS				PEDE
BEBAS				OLO lokal		OLO JJ
	second	tarif	rupiah	tarif	rupiah	tarif	rupiah
2 mnt ke 1	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
2 mnt ke 2	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
2 mnt ke 3	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
2 mnt ke 4	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
2 mnt ke 5	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
	120	25	3000	25	3000	60	7200
	120	0.1	12	25	3000	60	7200
	120	25	3000

...

tarif resmi simPATIPeDe tujuan ke semua operator

2008-01-17T11:25:00.000+07:00

berikut tarif resmi simPATIPeDe tujuan ke semua operator :

simPATI - Telkomsel : lokal & non-lokal - 25/detik selama semenit, menit berikutnya 0,5/detik.

Total 3600 detik = Rp 3.270

simPATI - operator lain : lokal - 25/detik, non lokal - 60/detik

Total lokal = 90.000, Non Lokal = 216.000

simPATI - PSTN : lokal - 15/detik, non lokal - 35/detik

Hanya dengan membeli simPATI PeDe dengan harga 10 ribu sudah bisa mendapatkan bonus pulsa 5 ribu untuk ke lebih dari 47 juta pelanggan Telkomsel, 5 ribu untuk keseluruh operator, bonus pulsa lagi 10 ribu pada saat isi ulang pertama.
Beberapa fitur simPATI yang tetap dapat dinikmati pelanggan, antara lain:

International Roaming
Layanan dunia 3G Telkomsel
Layanan Transfer Pulsa dengan cara *999# pilih menu Transfer Pulsa
Nada Sambung Pribadiku (NSP) 1212
fasilitas M-ATM bersama
Menu Layanan simPATI *999#
Telkomsel Call Me: akses ke *808*No Tujuan# tekan Ok/Yes
SMS Me: akses ke *808*6# tekan Ok/Yes
Gratis keanggotaan simPATIzone, dengan ketik REG, SMS ke 8888 (Gratis)
dan fitur-fitur lainnya.

Fleksibel, selalu transparan

Pelanggan simPATI Eksting dapat menikmati tarif simPATI Pe De, dengan cara mengetik *880# (tarif Rp. 3.000) dan masuk ke Menu Perpindahan Tarif simPATI :

Tarif per Detik
Tarif per Menit
Info
Check Status Tarif

Pelanggan simPATI yang tetap menikmati tarif per time unit tetap mendapatkan program – program promo seperti simPATI Banyak pake GRATIS pake banyak ( Bonus Bicara – SMS ), simPATI Talkmania dan promo tariff lainnya ( tariff bicara dan sms off peak).

Stream Control Tranmission Protocol (SCTP)

2008-01-15T08:55:00.000+07:00

Link Asli : http://www.ristinet.com/index.php?ch=8&lang=ind&s=4f44c1edec00e7d420ab76a91094bb97&n=303

Stream Control Tranmission Protocol (SCTP)

Berbagai perangkat yang ada di jaringan tradisional PSTN (TDM) harus dapat berkomunikasi dengan perangkat-perangkat yang ada di jaringan IP. Untuk itu, berbagai protokol yang ada di PSTN harus dapat dilewatkan pada jaringan IP. Protokol- protokol tersebut diantaranya CCS7, V5.x dan ISDN. Untuk dapat melakukan hal tersebut maka dibuatlah suatu fungsi pemetaan atau translasi yang akan memetakan protokol-protokol tersebut kedalam jaringan IP. Fungsi pemetaan inilah yang dilakukan oleh suatu protokol yang disebut Signalling Transport (Sigtran). Pada Sigtran terdapat suatu layer adaptasi yang diberi nama SCTP. SCTP inilah sebenarnya yang melakukan fungsi pemetaan pada protokol Sigtran.

Sekilas Softswitch

Munculnya konsep softswitch diharapkan dapat menjadi jawaban bagi strategi evolusi PSTN konvensional menuju ke jaringan masa depan berbasis paket. Hal ini dikarenakan softswitch dapat beroperasi secara penuh bersama PSTN. Langkah tersebut akan merupakan langkah awal yang merupakan pemanfaatan PSTN eksisting hingga umur perangkat PSTN tersebut habis, yang selanjutnya akan digantikan oleh node-node akses yang lebih sederhana yang sekaligus dapat melayani voice dan data secara bersamaan.

Softswitch adalah sistem sentral yang mampu memberikan layanan teleponi dengan seluruh layanan nilai tambahnya (VAS-Value Added Services), yang dimasa depan akan mampu memadukan berbagai kemampuan layanan voice, data dan multimedia dalam satu jaringan terpadu secara lebih efisien.

Keuntungan dan peluang yang bisa diperoleh dengan implementasi Softswitch, antara lain :

§ Konstruksi : jaringan dapat dibangun dengan biaya minimal

§ Operasi dan Pemeliharaan : biaya operasi dan pemeliharaan jaringan terpadu akan lebih ekonomis dan mudah dibanding dengan jaringan yang terpisah

§ Layanan : jaringan bisa memberikan layanan nilai tambah yang dapat meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan

§ Kastamer : jaringan bisa memberikan layanan yang lebih personal yang mendukung upaya pemeliharaan dan penambahan pelanggan

Definisi softswitch menurut ISC adalah suatu perangkat yang memiliki kemampuan paling tidak sebagai berikut:

o Mengontrol layanan koneksi bagi suatu media gateway, dan/atau native IP endpoints.

o Memilih proses yang dapat diterapkan pada suatu panggilan

o Routing untuk panggilan dalam jaringan

o Mentransfer kontrol panggilan ke elemen jaringan lain

o Antarmuka untuk mendukung fungsi manajemen seperti penyediaan layanan, fault, billing, dan lain-lain.

Arsitektur jaringan berbasis Softswitch terdiri atas 4 (empat) bidang fungsional jaringan sebagai berikut; Manajemen Plane, Transport Plane, Call Control & Signaling Plane, dan Application Plane.

Gambar–gambar berikut ini adalah contoh-contoh implementasi softswitch.

Gambar 1. Konsep softswitch untuk wireline

Gambar 2. Konsep softswitch untuk tandem switching

Gambar 3. Konsep Access Network over IP

Sigtran sebagai protokol transport

Dari ketiga gambar contoh diatas, kita melihat adanya gateway yang melakukan pemetaan protokol dari protokol TDM ke protokol di jaringan IP. Dari protokol CCS7 (ISUP) dapat dilakukan pemetaan di layer MTP2 dengan menggunakan mekanisme M2PA dan M2UA, di layer MTP3 dilakukan pemetaan dengan menggunakan mekanisme M3UA dan di layer SCCP dilakukan pemetaan dengan menggunakan mekanisme SUA. Untuk signalling di sisi akses seperti V5.1 dan V5.2 dilakukan pemetaan dengan menggunakan mekanisme V K 5UA sedangkan untuk ISDN dengan IUA.

Kesemua fungsi pemetaan tersebut diatur oleh suatu standar dunia yang dikeluarkan oleh Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) yang disebut dengan Signalling Transport (Sigtran). SIGTRAN dipergunakan sebagai protokol Interworking antara jaringan PSTN dengan jaringan IP. Protokol Sigtran menyediakan seluruh fungsi yang dibutuhkan untuk mendukung signalling TDM over IP, termasuk diantaranya :

- Flow control

- In-sequence delivery of signalling message

- Identifikasi originating dan terminating signalling point

- Identifikasi sirkit voice

- Error detection, retransmission, dan prosedur error correction lain

- Kontrol untukmenghindari kongesti pada internet

- Deteksi status entity

- Mendukung mekanisme keamanan dari informasi signalling

Gambar berikut ini adalah protokol stack Sigtran, dimana IP, SCTP dan adaptation protocol adalah model dari Sigtran Acrhitecture.

Gambar 4. Sigtran Protocol Stage

Berikut adalah contoh-contoh mekanisme pemetaan yang digunakan dalam protokol Sigtran.

Gambar 5. SS7 access for Media Gateway Controller

Gambar 6. SS7 peer to peer access for Signalling Gateway

Gambar 7. SS7 access for Signalling Gateway via STP

Gambar 8. SS7 access to IP/SCP

Gambar 9. Q.931 access to MGC

Gambar 10. V5.2 Interworking for Connection Control

V5 User Adaptation Layer (V5UA) merupakan suatu metoda untuk memetakan pensinyalan V5.2 ke dalam format IP. V5UA diperlukan agar pesan pensinyalan pada jaringan sircuit switch (SCN) dapat dikirim dari Access Gateway menuju ke Media Gateway Controller (MGC). Fungsi pemetaan ini akan dilakukan oleh suatu perangkat yang disebut dengan Access Gateway dengan memanfaatkan keunggulan teknologi SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol).

Stream Control Transmission Protocol

SCTP adalah perkembangan teknologi dari TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) atau dapat disebut juga sebagai ‘super TCP’. SCTP dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penggunaan yang lebih luas dibandingkan dengan yang dapat diberikan oleh TCP.

SCTP merupakan suatu layer yang terletak antara layer user adaptation dan layer IP di dalam protokol Sigtran. Layer ini dirancang untuk menyediakan aplikasi protokol transmisi. Berikut ini adalah selengkapnya layer SCTP.

Gambar 11. SCTP Layer

Secara sekilas proses aliran data dalam protokol SCTP dapat digambarkan seperti dibawah ini.

Gambar 12. Proses aliran data dalam SCTP

Di dalam SCTP segala pesan akan dipotong-potong kedalam paket –paket yang lebih kecil oleh SCTP Data Chunk. Data Chunk ini akan dikirimkan ke SCTP Packet untuk digabungkan dengan Control Chunk menjadi sebuah paket SCTP tunggal. Paket tersebut akan dikirimkan ke MGC melalui jaringan IP.

Di penerima (MGC) paket-paket data tersebut akan dipisahkan kembali menjadi kumpulan data dan control. Kumpulan data tersebut akan disusun kemali sesuai pesan/informasi aslinya.

Kesimpulan

- Protokol Sigtran memungkinkan protokol-protokol yang bekerja di jaringan PSTN dapat dilewatkan ke dalam jaringan IP.

- Dengan adanya protokol Sigtran pada transport layer dalam arsitektur softswitch dimungkinkan pengontrolan panggilan yang efektif dan efisien karena protokol Sigtran dengan dukungan SCTP memiliki kemampuan untuk melakukan hal tersebut.

- SCTP pada protokol Sigtran dibentuk dari common header dan kumpulan chunk. SCTP merupakan suatu layer yang terletak antara layer user adaptation dan layer IP. Layer ini dirancang untuk menyediakan aplikasi protokol transmisi.

- Data-data dari protokol adaptasi akan dipotong-potong menjadi Data Chunk – Data Chunk yang akan digabungkan dengan Control Chunk sebelum dikirimkan ke MGC sebagai sebuah paket SCTP.

Moch Suhariyanto, Penulis adalah Engineer pada lab. Signalling and Protocol TELKOM R&D Center TELKOMRisTI PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk. Penulis adalah tim pembuat software perencanaan jaringan akses V5.2 (PLAV-5).

Referensi

- Ohrtman, Franklin, ”Softswitch Architecture for VoIP”, McGraw-Hill Networking, New York, 2003

- L. Ong, J. Yoakum, “An Introduction to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)”, RFC 3286, IETF, May 2002

- K. Morneault, M. Kalla, “ISDN User Adaptation layer”, RFC 3057, IETF May 2003

- R. Stewart, K. Morneault, “Stream Control Transmission Protocol”, RFC 2960, IETF, October 2000

- S. Bellovin, J. Ioannidis, “On the Uses of SCTP with Ipsec”, RFC 3554, IEFT, July 2003

- J. Pastor, M. Belinchon, “Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Management Information Base (MIB)”, RFC 3873, IETF, September 2004

- Darroch, Jim, “Introduction to Sigtran”, www.artesyncp.com

Disclaimer: Isi diluar tanggung jawab Redaksi

ABRI - Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia

2008-01-08T10:35:00.000+07:00

ABRI - Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia

Indonesia's four armed services, collectively termed the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia [ABRI - Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia], consist of the three military services--the army, navy, and air force--and the police. The effort to forge a united and coherent nation that could accommodate the natural diversity of peoples in the Indonesian archipelago has always been a central theme in the country's history. ABRI plays a role in national society that is perhaps unique in the world. The military establishment in the early 1990s was involved in many affairs of state that elsewhere were not normally associated with military forces and acknowledged as the dominant political institution in the country. The armed forces establishment, led by the dominant branch, the army, has been the country's premier institution since 1966 when, in its own view, it answered the summons of the people and moved to the center stage of national life. Comprising the three military services and the police, the armed forces operated according to dwifungsi, or dual function, a doctrine of their own evolution, under which they undertook a double role as both defenders of the nation and as a social-political force in national development.

To fully understand the role of the armed forces in contemporary Indonesian society, one must understand the absolute priority the government and the military leadership has placed, from the beginning of the New Order, on the importance of internal security to the achievement of national stability. The New Order government, whose military leaders played an important role in 1965 in crushing what was officially described as a communist coup attempt, believed that threats to internal stability were the greatest threats to national security. Having experienced two attempted coups, supposedly communist-inspired, a number of regional separatist struggles, and instability created by radical religious movements, the government had little tolerance for public disorder.

Since the beginning of Suharto's rise to power in 1965, the armed forces accepted and supported the foundation of his regime, namely, the belief that economic and social development was the nation's first priority and that social and political stability was absolutely essential if that goal were to be achieved. The primary mission of the armed forces has therefore been to maintain internal stability. The maintenance of internal security was considered an integral part of national defense itself. Indonesian doctrine considers national defense within the broader context of "national resilience," a concept that stresses the importance of the ideological, political, economic, social, and military strength of the nation. Like dwifungsi, this concept has also legitimized activities of the armed forces in areas not ordinarily considered belonging to the military sphere.

The role of the separate armed services has not changed since 1969, when the heads of the army, navy, and air force were reduced to chiefs of staff. Operational control of almost all their military units was vested in the commander in chief, reducing the headquarters of each military service to the status of administrative organs. Only the police chief continued to exercise operational control over his own personnel.

Communist victories in South Vietnam and Cambodia prompted national authorities to reconsider both the external threat the nation faced and how best to meet it. Consequently, the new minister of defense and security, General Mohammad Jusuf, directed a major upgrading of armed forces military capabilities. This upgrade included increased training and procurement of sufficient equipment and personnel to establish a core of some 100 fully ready combat battalions. Under Jusuf, the armed forces initiated extensive retraining and reorganization programs that culminated in a major reorganization of the armed forces in 1985.

Largely retained intact when split off from HANKAM in 1985, the ABRI staff and its functions remained directly subordinate to the commander in chief, who remained, in turn, directly responsible to the president, also the supreme commander of the armed forces. Under the commander in chief, there was a provision for a deputy, a position that in 1992 was not filled. There were two ABRI chiefs of staff, one for the general staff and one for social-political affairs. The inspector general and the assistant for plans and budget, as well as a number of agencies and institutes, remained directly under the commander in chief. The ABRI chief of general staff directed assistants for communications/electronics, intelligence, logistics, operations, personnel, public security affairs, and territorial affairs, the chief of staff for social-political affairs directed the armed forces' dwifungsi operations in the civilian sector of the government through assistants for nonmilitary workers' affairs and for social-political affairs. The ABRI joint staff supported the headquarters of each of the four services. Staff personnel were drawn from all four services. Police officers served only in positions related to internal security.

My Dream : MacBook Pro With Leopard

2008-01-08T08:42:00.000+07:00

p to a 2.6GHz Intel Core 2 Duo. Next-generation 802.11n wireless. Gorgeous upgraded displays. Wickedly fast NVIDIA graphics. Available in 15- and 17-inch models starting at just $1999. Start your engines.

The latest and greatest.

MacBook Pro is built on the revolutionary Intel Core 2 Duo — which packs the power of two processor cores (up to 2.6GHz) inside a single chip. It provides 4MB of L2 Smart Cache that can be shared between the cores as needed. It delivers higher performance in 2D and 3D graphics, video editing, and music encoding. But the faster engine is only part of the story. MacBook Pro features up to 4GB of 667MHz DDR2 memory with a faster, 800MHz frontside bus and support for hard drives up to 250GB. Ultimate speed, performance, and connectivity. To go. That’s MacBook Pro.

Graphically speaking.

Whether you’re creating 3D animation, editing photos from the day’s shoot, or playing your favorite video game, MacBook Pro delivers serious processing power with the NVIDIA GeForce 8600M GT graphics controller.

Display’s the thing.

A great video processor powers a great display. The new MacBook Pro is available in 15-inch models with a mercury-free, power-efficient LED-backlit display and a 17-inch model with an optional 1920-by-1200-pixel display.

Packs power, not pounds.

What makes MacBook Pro so mobile? Performance in a portable package. Only one inch thin and 5.4 and 6.8 pounds, respectively, the 15- and 17-inch MacBook Pro models are among the thinnest, lightest notebooks in their display class

Hati yang mati

2008-01-08T08:02:00.000+07:00

Bersandar pada tari warna pelangi
kuingat depanku bertudung sutra senja
Di hitam matanya kembang mawar dan melati
Harum rambutnya mengalun bergelut senda
Sepi menyanyi, malam dalam mendoa tiba
Meriak muka air kolam jiwa
Dan dalam dadaku teremuk pilu
Menarik segala tari jiwa
Hidup dari hidupku, pintu tertutup
Selama mata itu tak terpaling
Selama kau darah mengalir dari luka
jiwa ini mati tiada kembali.

2007-12-17T17:10:00.000+07:00

Monitoring Interface Status
Commands entered at the privileged EXEC prompt display information about the interface, including the versions of the software and the hardware, the configuration, and statistics about the interfaces. Table 9-3 lists some of these interface monitoring commands. (You can display the full list of show commands by using the show ? command at the privileged EXEC prompt.) These commands are fully described in the Cisco IOS Interface Command Reference for Release 12.1.

Table 9-3 Show Commands for Interfaces

Command

Purpose

show interfaces [interface-id]

Display the status and configuration of all interfaces or a specific interface.

show interfaces interface-id status [err-disabled]

Display interface status or a list of interfaces in an error-disabled state.

show interfaces [interface-id] switchport

Display administrative and operational status of switching ports.

show interfaces [interface-id] description

Display the description configured on an interface or all interfaces and the interface status.

show ip interface [interface-id]

Display the usability status of all interfaces configured for IP routing or the specified interface.

show running-config interface [interface-id]

Display the running configuration in RAM for the interface.

show version

Display the hardware configuration, software version, the names and sources of configuration files, and the boot images.

show controllers ethernet-controller interface-id phy

Verify the operational state of the Auto-MDIX feature on the interface.

Clearing and Resetting Interfaces and Counters
Table 9-4 lists the privileged EXEC mode clear commands that you can use to clear counters and reset interfaces.

Table 9-4 Clear Commands for Interfaces

Command

Purpose

clear counters [interface-id]

Clear interface counters.

clear interface interface-id

Reset the hardware logic on an interface.

clear line [number console 0 vty number]

Reset the hardware logic on an asynchronous serial line.

To clear the interface counters shown by the show interfaces privileged EXEC command, use the clear counters privileged EXEC command. The clear counters command clears all current interface counters from the interface unless optional arguments are specified to clear only a specific interface type from a specific interface number.

Procedures for Configuring Interfaces These general instructions apply to all interface configuration processes.

2007-12-17T17:09:00.000+07:00

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Step 1 Enter the configure terminal command at the privileged EXEC prompt:
Switch# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Switch(config)# Step 2 Enter the interface global configuration command. Identify the interface type and the number of the connector. In this example, Gigabit Ethernet interface 0/1 is selected:
Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/1 Switch(config-if)#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note You do not need to add a space between the interface type and interface number. For example, in the preceding line, you can specify either gigabitethernet 0/1, gigabitethernet0/1, gi 0/1, or gi0/1.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Step 3 Follow each interface command with the interface configuration commands that the interface requires. The commands that you enter define the protocols and applications that will run on the interface. The commands are collected and applied to the interface when you enter another interface command or enter end to return to privileged EXEC mode.
You can also configure a range of interfaces by using the interface range or interface range macro global configuration commands. Interfaces configured in a range must be the same type and must be configured with the same feature options.
Step 4 After you configure an interface, verify its status by using the show privileged EXEC commands listed in the "Monitoring and Maintaining the Interfaces" section.

keat

2007-10-23T14:18:00.000+07:00

keat memang buruk seburuk namanya
tapi indahnya mawar tak kurindukan melebihi kurindukan munculnya keat
keat tiada keindahan selain rutinitas yang harus dijumpai